Naïve art is a classification of art that is often characterized by a childlike simplicity in its subject matter and technique. While many naïve artists appear, from their works, to have little or no formal art training, this is often not true.
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Characteristics
The term naïve art is often seen as outsider art which is without a formal (or little) training or degree. While this was true before the twentieth century, there are now academies for naïve art. Naïve art is now a fully recognized art genre, represented in art galleries worldwide.
The characteristics of naïve art are an awkward relationship to the formal qualities of painting. Difficulties with drawing and perspective that result in a charmingly awkward and often refreshing vision, strong use of pattern, unrefined color, and simplicity rather than subtlety are all supposed markers of naïve art. It has, however, become such a popular and recognizable style that many examples could be called pseudo-naïve.
Whereas naïve art ideally describes the work of an artist who did not receive formal education in an art school Art school is a general term for any educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, especially graphic design, illustration, painting, photography, and sculpture. The term applies to institutions with elementary, secondary, post-secondary or undergraduate, or graduate or postgraduate programs in these areas. They are or academy An academy is an institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece, for example Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer) after his place of employment. Ridiculed during his life, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality or Alfred Wallis, 'pseudo naïve' or 'faux naïve' art describes the work of an artist working in a more imitative or self-conscious mode and whose work can be seen as more imitative than original.
"Primitive art" is another term often applied to art by those without formal training, but is historically more often applied to work from certain cultures that have been judged socially or technologically "primitive" by Western academia, such as Native American, subsaharan African or Pacific Island art (see Tribal art Tribal art is an umbrella term used to describe artefacts and objects created by the indigenous peoples of primitive cultures. Also known as Ethnographic art, or Arts Primitive Tribal art has three primary categories). This is distinguished from the self-conscious, "primitive" inspired movement primitivism Primitivism -- the opinion that life was better or more moral during the early stages of mankind or among primitive peoples and has deteriorated with civilization -is a response to the perennial question of whether the development of complex civilization and technology has benefited or harmed mankind. Another term related to (but not completely synonymous with) naïve art is folk art Folk art encompasses art produced from an indigenous culture or by peasants or other laboring tradespeople. In contrast to fine art, folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic.
Criticism
Many art critics view the term "naïve art" as a condescending reference to academically untrained painters - alternatively "vernacular art" can be used. The expression "primitive art" is even more inflammatory[citation needed] to many people[who?], especially when used towards the art of other cultures[citation needed]. The words "naïve" and "primitive" are regarded as politically incorrect and are therefore avoided by many. (Fine, p. 24)
Naïve artists
18th century
Example of Edward Hicks's work Example of Niko Pirosmani Niko Pirosmanashvili (Georgian: ნიკო ფიროსმანაშვილი); May 5, 1862-1918) was a Georgian primitivist painter's work: Childless Millionaire and a Poor Woman Blessed with Children.- Edward Hicks Edward Hicks was an American folk painter, a distinguished minister of the Society of Friends, and he also became a Quaker icon because of his paintings (1780–1849)
- Oluf Braren (1787–1839)
- Justus DaLee (1793–1878)
19th century
- Peter Rindisbacher (1806–1834) American, b. Switzerland
- James Bard (1815–1897)[1]
- Denys Corbet (1826–1910)
- Nikola Obrasopissez (1827–1911)
- Ferdinand Cheval Ferdinand Cheval was a French postman who spent 33 years of his life building Le Palais Idéal (the "Ideal Palace") in Hauterives which is regarded as an extraordinary example of naïve art architecture, known as 'le facteur Cheval' (1836–1924)
- Cándido López Cándido López was an Argentine painter and soldier. Born in Buenos Aires, he is considered one of Argentina's most important artists. He is most famous for his detailed paintings and drawings of battles of the War of the Triple Alliance, in which he also fought, losing his right arm. As a result, he learned to paint with his left hand (1840–1902)
- Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer) after his place of employment. Ridiculed during his life, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality (1844–1910)
- Alfred Wallis (1855–1942)
- Grandma Moses Anna Mary Robertson Moses , better known as "Grandma Moses", was a renowned American folk artist. She is most often cited as an example of an individual successfully beginning a career in the arts at an advanced age. Moses had ten children but five died at birth, Anna Mary Robertson (1860–1961)
- John Kane (1860–1934)
- Louis Vivin (1861–1936)
- Niko Pirosmani Niko Pirosmanashvili (Georgian: ნიკო ფიროსმანაშვილი); May 5, 1862-1918) was a Georgian primitivist painter (1862–1918)
- Séraphine Louis, known as 'Séraphine de Senlis' (1864–1942)
- André Bauchant (1873–1958)
- Arnold Kramer Arnold Kramer was one of 12 children born to Michael and Gertrude Kramer in Mitchell County, Iowa. In 1891, when Arnold was nine years old, the family moved to a homestead near Seaforth, Minnesota in Redwood County where they farmed. Arnold was a contemporary of children's author Laura Ingalls Wilder who lived near Walnut Grove in southern Redwood (1882–1976)
- Camille Bombois (1883–1970)
- Jules Lefranc (1887–1972)
- L. S. Lowry Laurence Stephen Lowry was an English artist born in Barrett Street, Stretford, Lancashire. Many of his drawings and paintings depict nearby Salford and surrounding areas, including Pendlebury, where he lived and worked for over 40 years at 117 Station Road (B5231), opposite St. Mark's RC Church (1887–1976)
- Horace Pippin Horace Pippin was a self-taught African-American painter who worked in a naive style. The injustice of slavery and American segregation figure prominently in many of his works (1888–1946)
- Scottie Wilson (1890–1972)
- Henry Darger Henry Joseph Darger, Jr. (April 12, 1892–April 13, 1973) was a reclusive American writer and artist who worked as a custodian in Chicago, Illinois. He has become famous for his posthumously discovered 15,145-page, single-spaced fantasy manuscript called The Story of the Vivian Girls, in What is known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco- (1892–1973)
- Miguel García Vivancos (1895–1972)
- Teofil Ociepka (1891–1978)
- Henry Stockley (1892–1982), Great Britain
- Bárbaro Rivas (1893–1967) Venezuela
- Nikifor (1895–1968)
- Ilija Bašičević (1895–1972)
- Shalom Moskovitz, known as 'Shalom of Z’fat' (1895–1980)
- Antonio Ligabue (1899–1965)
20th century
- Emile Crociani (1902–1980)
- Krsto Hegedušić Krsto Hegedušić was a Croatian painter, illustrator and theater designer. His most famous paintings depict the harsh life of the Croatian peasantry in the manner of naive art. He was one of the founders of the Zemlja group of artists (1901–1975)
- Nan Phelps (1904-1990) American
- Petronėlė Gerlikienė (1905–1979)
- Janko Brašić (1906–1994)
- Nina Barka (Marie Smirsky) (1908–1986)
- Préfète Duffaut (b. 1923)
- Stan Ioan Pătraş (1908–1977) Romania
- Maria Pryimachenko (1908–1997) Ukraine
- Konstantin Rodko (1908–1995)
- Franjo Mraz (1910–1981)
- Arthur Villeneuve (1910–1990)
- Jan Balet (1913–2009)
- Andre Demonchy (1914–2003) France
- Ivan Generalić (1914–1992), of the Krsto Hegedušić Krsto Hegedušić was a Croatian painter, illustrator and theater designer. His most famous paintings depict the harsh life of the Croatian peasantry in the manner of naive art. He was one of the founders of the Zemlja group of artists school
- Norman Neasom (b. 1915)
- Howard Finster Howard Finster was a Baptist Reverend and artist from Summerville, Georgia. He claimed to be inspired by God to spread the gospel through the environment of Paradise Garden and over 46,000 pieces of art. His creations overlap folk art, outsider art, naïve art, and visionary art (1916–2001)
- Siegfried L. Kratochwil (1916-2005) Austria
- Joan Gillchrest (1918–2008), British painter
- Markey Robinson (1918–1999)
- Feliciano Carvallo (b. 1920) Venezuelan documented by Mariano Díaz
- Ivan Vecenaj (b. 1920), of the Krsto Hegedušić Krsto Hegedušić was a Croatian painter, illustrator and theater designer. His most famous paintings depict the harsh life of the Croatian peasantry in the manner of naive art. He was one of the founders of the Zemlja group of artists school
- Ivan Rabuzin (1921–2008)
- Gesner Abelard (b. 1922)
- Bracha Turner (b. 1922)
- Fred Yates (1922–2008)
- Frédéric Bruly Bouabré (b. 1923)
- Martin Hegedusic (b. 1923), of the Krsto Hegedušić Krsto Hegedušić was a Croatian painter, illustrator and theater designer. His most famous paintings depict the harsh life of the Croatian peasantry in the manner of naive art. He was one of the founders of the Zemlja group of artists school
- Noël Barker (b. 1924)
- Zuzana Chalupová Zuzana Chalupová (1925 – 2001) was a naive painter of Slovak origin who was born and lived her whole life in Kovačica, Serbia. Her colourful naive-style paintings recall children's works and fairy-tale illustrations. The typical themes of her paintings are children, so she was even called "mama Zuzana". Her creative legacy consists (1925–2001)
- Ferenc Kalmar (b. 1928)
- Mokarrameh Ghanbari (1928–2005) Iran
- Bryan Pearce (1929–2007)
- Chaibia Talal (1929–2004)
- Dragan Gazi (1930–1983)
- Ivan Lacković Croata (1932–1984)
- Bunleua Sulilat (1932–1996)
- Petar Grgec (1933–2006) Croatia
- Manuel Lepe Macedo (1936–1984)
- Katya Medvedeva (b. 1937)
- Radi Nedelchev (b. 1938)
- Frank Bentley (1941–2006)
- Bob Justin Bob Justin, a self taught outsider artist, was born in New Jersey in 1941. After being forced into retirement in 1991 by illness, he began to liquidate an old tool collection and other property at local flea markets. During this time he returned to a childhood penchant for finding imagery in everyday objects. By combining various antique found (b. 1941)
- Mario Perez (b. 1943)
- Pilar Sala (b. 1944) Argentina[2]
- Robert-Émile Fortin (1945–2004) Canada
- Derold Page (b. 1947)
- Brenno Benatti (b. 1948) Italy
- Mary Michael Shelley Mary Shelley is an American folk artist with no formal visual art training. Her art work has variously been described as naïve, primitive or self-taught. She graduated from Cornell University in 1972 with a degree in English and Creative Writing, and has lived her entire adult life in Ithaca, NY. She began making her painted low relief (b. 1950)
- Ferreira Louis Marius (b. 1953)
- Sergey Zagraevsky (b. 1964) Russia
- Peter Smith (b. 1967)
- Navitrolla (b. 1970) Estonia
- Paola Herrera Ledesma (b. 1978) México [3]
- Claudia Vecchiarelli (b. 1978)
- Joseph Harper (b. 1988)
- Gabriele Elgaafary (b. 1981) Lithuania [4]
Museums and galleries
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Brazil
Canada
Croatia
France
- Le Musée International d’Art Naïf Anatole Jakovsky, Nice[7]
- Musée d'Art Naïf - Max Fourny
- International Museum of Naive Art, Vicq (near Versailles)
- Museum of Naive Art, Beraut (near Toulouse)
Germany
Israel
Portugal
Russia
Serbia
Spain
- Museo de Artes y Costumbres Populares y Museo Internacional de Arte Naïf, Jaén
USA
- Anthony Petullo Collection of Self-Taught & Outsider Art
- Gallery of International Naïve Art (gina), New York
See also
- Neo-primitivism Neo-primitivism was a Russian art movement which took its name from the book Neo-primitivizm , by Aleksandr Shevchenko. In the book Shevchenko proposes a new style of modern painting which fuses elements of Cézanne, Cubism and Futurism with traditional Russian 'folk art' conventions and motifs, notably the russian icon and the lubok
- Outsider art The term outsider art was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for art brut , a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the boundaries of official culture; Dubuffet focused particularly on art by insane-asylum inmates
- Anatole Jakovsky
References
- ^ Mariner's Museum and Peluso, Anthony J., Jr., The Bard Brothers -- Painting America under Steam and Sail, Abrams, New York 1997 ISBN 0-8109-1240-6
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Gabriele Elgaafary personal website
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
Further reading
- Bihalji-Merin, Oto (1959). Modern Primitives: Masters of Naive Painting. trans. Norbert Guterman. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
- Fine, Gary Alan (2004). Everyday genius: self-taught art and the culture of authenticity. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 978-0226249506.
Categories: Naïve art | Art movements An art movement is a tendency or style in the visual arts with a specific common stylistic approach, philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time
Tue, 15 Jun 2010 17:22:49 GMT+00:00
New York Times (blog) We are so naive . We still trust the wolves to watch over the chickens. Regulations? They all say YES. In the mean time they are channeling money to our ...
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How s a pain starts running out of my heart
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Wed, 02 Jun 2010 21:54:55 GM
As you can see- the range of emotions in . naive art. can go from exuberant to haunting. I'ma fan of all of it. Recently, I read an article in the LA Times about how the state of finances in California is causing maintenance of and access ...
